Documents
The Trail of Broken Treaties caravan was meant to draw attention to issues facing Native Americans, but the press did not bother with coverage of the Trail until the occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs at the beginning of November 1972. White and Native newspapers, television, government reports, and others all interpreted the Trail and occupation differently in public discourse, giving meaning to the ways newsmakers presented the event and portrayed the activists. This archive focuses on bringing together historical materials related to the Trail and occupation of the BIA and allows readers to explore news reports and develop their own understanding of the ways the Trail was reported on, ignored, contextualized, or interpreted by the press.
The early stages of this archive focused on newspaper coverage at the national, regional and local level but has expanded to encompass all news forms from newspapers, television, and news magazines, as well as contextual documents such as government reports, activist documents, speeches, treaties, speeches, and books that exist to help give context to events and attitudes. As the project develops, additional forms of representation, interpretation, and narrative will be added to fill out the archive.
Document Type
All (117) | Newspaper Reports (64) | Newspaper Opinions (19) | Television Reports
(25)
News Magazines (2) | Books (3) | Treaties (1) | Statutes (1) | Government Documents (1)
Speeches (1) | Activist Documents (1)
October 5, 1972 | Newspaper Report | New York Times
Indians Drive to Capital
Report on the plans for seven caravans to leave West Coast cities with plans to arrive in Washington D.C. by November 1. The story identifies the American Indian Movement as the key organization in the Trail of Broken Treaties.
October 12, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
300 Indians Protest Proposed Fund Cuts
Dennis Banks warns "it may take another Watts" before Americans begin to see the problems American Indian communities face. The straightforward piece also reports that 300 participants in the Trail of Broken Treaties were driving to Washington D.C. to protest proposed funding cuts.
October 31, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Indians Converging on D.C. for Rallies
This report says the first sixty-five American Indians part of the Trail of Broken Treaties begin arriving in Washington D.C. Activists tell the press they are expecting 5,000 marchers to converge on the capital city. The news report discusses the reasons for the Trail and their plans while they are in the city.
October 31, 1972 | Newspaper Report | New York Times
Indians to Begin Capital Protest
This story discusses the purpose of the Trail of Broken Treaties and quotes Robert Burnette estimating 10,000 activists arriving to the city. Also reports the activists chose election time to present an agenda for action to the next Congress and administration.
November 2, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Indians Refused Permission to Use Arlington Cemetery for Services
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November 3, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
500 Indians Here Seize U.S. Building
The story reports that 500 Indians barricaded themselves inside the BIA. The report says the occupiers renamed the building the Native American Embassy. Also explains the reason for the building's seizure and that no attempt would be made to oust the activists by the government.
November 3, 1972 | Newspaper Report | New York Times
500 Indians Seize U.S. Building After Scuffle With Capital Police
Report that 500 Indians occupied the BIA and the government was negotiating with Indian leaders and allowed the activists to remain in the building until morning. The story identifies with key officials negotiating with the activists. The story also says the militants were led by the American Indian Movement and explains the reason for the occupation.
November 3, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Los Angeles Times
300 Indians Seize Capital Building and Close Bureau
This story reports that 300 activists seized the building and identifies the American Indian Movement as the key organization involved. Also reports that the activists presented a list of twenty solutions to Indian problems to the White House and explains the reasons for the occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
November 4, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
'Indians First, Always,' Demonstrator Declares
Report describes cultural artifacts that the protesters were wearing or using during their protest. Despite claims of 5,000 activists, the newspaper reports the number is closer to 1,000. Also describes some of the activists and their reasons for participating in the Trail of Broken Treaties.
November 4, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Indians Continue Occupation of BIA
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November 4, 1972 | Newspaper Report | New York Times
Indians in Capital Defy a Court Order
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November 4, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Los Angeles Times
Indians Rampage in Capital Building
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November 4, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Minneapolis Tribune
Protesting Indians refuse to leave BIA building despite court order
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November 5, 1972 | Newspaper Report | New York Times
Indians Staying in U.S. Building
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November 5, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Another 'Wounded Knee' Was Feared Friday Night
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November 5, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Officials, Indians Parley on Protest
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November 5, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Los Angeles Times
Building Held Third Night
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November 5, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Chicago Tribune
Judge Stalls Eviction of Indians; U.S., Protesters Hold Site Talks
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November 6, 1972 | Newspaper Report | New York Times
Indians Ask Nixon to Solve Impasse
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November 6, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Los Angeles Times
Judge Orders Indians Evicted
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November 6, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Chicago Tribune
Indians Occupying U.S. Building Ask Nixon to Intercede
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November 7, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Legacy of Suspicion Changes Protest Into Confrontation
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November 7, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Order Delayed, Indians Stay in Offices
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November 7, 1972 | Newspaper Report | New York Times
Eviction of Indians Delayed on Appeal
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November 7, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Los Angeles Times
Arrest Order for Indians Stayed---They Threaten to Level Building
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November 7, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Minneapolis Tribune
Indians agree to leave BIA building today, officials say
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November 8, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Indians Seize Files as Some Go Home
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November 8, 1972 | Newspaper Report | New York Times
Militant Indians Agree to Leave
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November 8, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Los Angeles Times
Indians Agree to Leave Seize Federal Building
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November 9, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Protest by Indians Sought an End to Paternalism
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November 9, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
'The Government Forced Us to Action'
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November 9, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Indians Call Files From BIA 'Ransom'
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November 9, 1972 | Newspaper Report | New York Times
Indians Take Documents as They Leave U.S. Building
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November 9, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Los Angeles Times
Indians Leave Building With Files, Artifacts
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November 10, 1972 | Newspaper Report | New York Times
Indians Ripped Up Federal Building
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November 10, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Damage to Capital Building by Indians Put at $1.98 Million
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November 10, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Amnesty Denied to Indians
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November 10, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Los Angeles Times
Indians to Be Liable for Damage
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November 10, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Chicago Tribune
Indian Vandalism to Federal Building Is Set at $530,000
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November 11, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
News Conference Confrontation: Indians Clash Over Money
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November 11, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Damage to BIA Third Heaviest Ever in U.S.
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November 13, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Chicago Tribune
Led Building Takeover: Criminal Record of 3 Indian Leaders Told
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November 15, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Stolen BIA Artifacts, Documents
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November 18, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Sioux Leader Outraged
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November 22, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
BIA's Loesch: A Bureaucrat Unafraid to Speak Out
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November 23, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
U.S. Accused Of Exhibiting BIA Damage
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November 25, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Activist Tells of BIA Sacking
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December 2, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
BIA Fight: 'One Has to Go'
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December 3, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
3 Indian Officials Ousted in Shakeup
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December 3, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Chicago Tribune
Three Aides Fired at Indian Bureau
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December 4, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
Employees of BIA To Resume Work
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December 5, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Chicago Tribune
Politics Admitted in Indian Deal
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December 5, 1972 | Newspaper Report | New York Times
White House Role on Indian Scored
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December 6, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Los Angeles Times
Shakeup in Indian Affairs Rumored
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December 7, 1972 | Newspaper Report | New York Times
Indians' Capital Protest Has Not Resolved Any of Their Grievances
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December 8, 1972 | Newspaper Report | Los Angeles Times
U.S. Inaction Has Cost Indians Millions, Protest Leader Says
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January 11, 1973 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
U.S. Rejects Indian Demands, Says Nixon Supports Reforms
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January 12, 1973 | Newspaper Report | New York Times
An Indian Leader Pledges Return of U.S. Property
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February 1, 1973 | Newspaper Report | Chicago Tribune
Columnist's aide arrested
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February 3, 1973 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
D.C. Police Officer Led Double Life as an Apache Indian
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February 4, 1973 | Newspaper Report | Los Angeles Times
Fellow 'Indian' Activist Turns Out to Be Officer
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February 12, 1973 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
2 Asked To Talk By Jury
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March 8, 1973 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
BIA Shakeup: 189 Out in Cold
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April 9, 1973 | Newspaper Report | Washington Post
More Papers From BIA Found in N.C.
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